2012年10月18日 星期四

十八不共法 eighteen distinctive abilities of the Buddha


全名「大悲十八不共佛法」,是說諸佛之智內充、無畏之德外顯。一切功德智慧超過物表,不與凡夫、二乘及諸菩薩共有。

Eighteen distinctive cognitive functions utilized by the Buddha. They are only possessed by the Buddha, and not by śrāvakas 聲聞, pratyekabuddhas 辟支佛, or bodhisattvas 菩薩. 


十八不共佛法 就是︰

 

1. 身無失unmistaken action ; 佛從無量劫來常用戒定智慧慈悲以修其身,此諸功德滿足,故一切煩惱俱盡。

 

2. 口無失unmistaken speech ; 佛具無量智慧辯才,所說之法隨眾機宜,皆得證悟。

 

3. 念無失unmistaken mindfulness ; 佛修諸甚深禪定,心不散亂,於諸法中,心無所著,得第一安隱處。

 

4. 無異想mind of equality toward all beings ; 佛於一切眾生,平等普渡,心無揀擇。

 

5. 無不定心stable mind in meditation ; 佛行住坐臥,常不離甚深勝定。

 

6. 無不知己捨心all-embracing mind which rejects nothing ; 佛於一切法,悉皆照知方捨,無有一法不了知而捨之者。

 

7. 欲無減the power of nonretrogression (or non-diminution) in terms of aspiration ; also written as completion of the aspiration [欲具足]. 佛具眾善,常欲度諸眾生,心無厭足。

8. 精進無減the power of nonretrogression (or non-diminution) in terms of diligence ;  also written as the completion of diligence [精進具足]. 佛身心精進滿足,常度一切眾生,無有休息。

 

9. 念無減the power of nonretrogression (or non-diminution) in terms of mindfulness; also written as the completion of mindfulness [念具足] . 佛於三世諸佛之法,一切智慧,相應滿足、無有退轉。

 

10. 慧無減the power of nonretrogression (or non-diminution) in terms of wisdom toward the salvation of all beings; also called the completion of wisdom [慧具足] .  佛具一切智慧,無有邊際、不可盡故,隨慧而說,亦無有盡。

 

11. 解脫無減the power of not falling back (or non-diminution) from freedom into bondage ; also called the completion of liberation [解脫具足] . 佛遠離一切執著,具二種解脫︰一者有為解脫,謂無漏智慧相應解脫。二者無為解脫,謂一切煩惱淨盡無餘。

 

12. 知見無減not falling back (or non-diminution) from the vision attained in liberation ; the Sūtra of Brahmā's Net seems to differ slightly here, in rendering as 'completion of the knowledge of the liberation of others' [知他解脫足] . 佛於一切解脫中,知見明了,分別無礙。

 

13. 一切身業隨智慧行the manifestation of wisdom power in deed ; 佛現諸勝相,調伏眾生。稱智演說一切諸法,令其各得解悟證入。

 

14. 一切口業隨智慧行the manifestation of wisdom power in word ; 佛以微妙清淨之語,隨智而轉,化導利益一切眾生。

 

15. 一切意業隨智慧行the manifestation of wisdom power in thought ; 佛以清淨意業,隨智而轉,入眾生心而為說法,滅除無明癡暗之膜。

 

16. 智慧知見過去世無閡無障immediate total knowledge of all affairs of the past ; 佛以智慧,照知過去世所有一切,若眾生法,若非眾生法,悉能徧知無礙。

 

17. 智慧知見現在世無閡無障immediate total knowledge of all affairs of present ; 佛以智慧,照知現在世所有一切,若眾生法,若非眾生法,悉能徧知無礙。

 

18. 智慧知見未來世無閡無障immediate total knowledge of all affairs of the future ; 佛以智慧,照知未來世所有一切,若眾生法,若非眾生法,悉能徧知無礙。